Onepager princippet

DALL·E-2024-09-10-08.25.53-A-dynamic-manga-style-illustration-featuring-a-witch-with-flowing-robes-and-a-pointed-hat-standing-on-an-anchor.-A-page-from-a-magical-book-is-seen-l

I princippet handler onepagers om at navigere fra et link til et “anker” (anchor) på en webside. Onepagers gør dette på en ekstrem måde. Som regel er ankeret en id i et element.

Du kan tilføje et anchor ved at:

  • marker blokken i Dokumentpanelet
  • under “Blok” skal du klikke på “Avanceret”
  • her kan du tilføje en “anker”

Når du vil navigere til et anker skal du lave et link. Du kan linke fra mange elementer, fx knapper, billeder, nogle markerede ord etc.

Lad os sige, at du kalder dit html anker hobbies. Da skal det link du laver pege på det sådan:

Relative eller Absolutte links?

Linket herover er relativt, dvs. en kort form. Hvis din WP-løsning har flere sider, så virker det relative link ikke fra andre sider eller indlæg. Derfor vil jeg anbefale, at du bruger absolutte links i stedet for. Et absolut link er hele URL’en til siden eller indlægget med tilføjelse af #hobbies, fx sådan:

https://thoth.dk/index.php/background-image/#hobbies

Fordi at WP-løsninger sjældent er rene onepagers, vil jeg anbefale, at du vælger de absolutte links frem for de relavite.

Knappen øverst i denne artikel peger på et anker over billedet.

Knappens link ser sådan ud:

https://thoth.dk/index.php/2024/09/10/onepager/#gruOgGys

Elementor Tutorials

Elementor is one of the most popular page editors. It was one of the first “drag and drop” editors for WP. If you want to use it consider these pros and cons:

ProsCons
Ease of use.Nagware: you’re constantly reminded that you need to pay in order to XYZ
Library of templatesThe free version is very limited. Things you can do for free in the ordinary WP editor may be blocked. That’s insane.
Many tutorials online, well documented.Bloated codebase.
A few pros and cons concerning Elementor.

Here are a few Elementor tutorials to get you started. Whether you chose to work in the standard WP editor or alternatives like Elementor is simply a matter of taste – just as when you choose your favorite editor for code editing.

These days Elementor is abandoned by many WP users, because the built in WP editor is free and capable of pretty much the same options. However, now you can try it.

Elementor WordPress Tutorial 2024 by TechPress.
How To Use Elementor In WordPress by The Social Guide.

One Click Install af WordPress på Simply.com

One Click Install

På Simply.com – og en lang række alternative webhoteller – kan du installere WordPress [WP] med en hurtig one click install. En modal i stil med denne dukker op:

Simply.com’s one click modal.

Udfyld den sådan:

Admin usernameHvis du vælger navnet “admin” er hackerne allerede 50% inde. Brug noget andet.
Admin passwordSørg for at dit password er sikkert. Du har sikkert 100+ passwords, og ingen husker så meget. Brug en password manager til at huske det, fx den indbyggede i Chrome.
Admin emailBrug en email, som du faktisk læser. Hvis der sker fejl eller noget mistænkeligt kan WP sende beskedder til dig.
Site nameVælg et passende sitename. Du kan altid ændre det under “Settings” eller “Indstillinger”, hvis du finder et bedere navn. Sitenavnet kan sættes ind via en block i WP editoren.
LanguageVælg et passende sprog.
Forklaring af mulighederne.

Installation i et Subdomæne

Med one-click kan du installere flere versioner af WP i subdomæner. Du kan med andre ord sætte dit website op, så der er plads til flere udgaver af WP. Det er praktisk, hvis du vil reservere en særlig WP til din portfolio – eller hvis du ønsker at et projekt får sin egen webadresse.

Her er et par eksempler:

Før du installerer WP i et subdomæne skal det oprettes i Simplys administrationspanel.

Du kan hurtigt installere en WP i et subdomæne; men husk at vælge subdomænet inden du klikker installer. Og pas på her! Husk at vælge subdomænet inden du installerer – ellers risikerer du at overskrive dit website!

Installation af WP i et subdomæne.

Denne video viser processen:

Installation af WP i et subdomæne på Simply.com – live session fra en international klasse på Multimediedesigeneruddannselsen.

The Portfolio

Domain or subdomain?

  • portfolio.yourdomain.dk
  • yourdomain.dk

You may or may not want to have your portfolio in the main domain. If you want to have your portfolio as the primary thing in your domain, just skip this chapter.

A subdomain is a subdirectory in the main webdomain. On some web hotels you have to specify such a directory in the Dashboard of the webhotel. This is the case on Simply.com – but not on One.com, where any subdirectory is regarded as a subdomain. Just to mention the usual suspects.

Prepare a subdomain for the portfolio. Make sure that your new domain runs with HTTPS.

Create a subdomain on Simply.com. Live session from a Multimedia Design Class: subdomain, and a one-click WordPress installation demonstration.

Plan Content

What kind of content do you need for the portfolio? Rearch and brainstorm. On most portfolios you’ll see pages like:

  • About Me
  • CV
  • Contact
  • Gallery
  • Projects
  • Blog – with amazing news about your projects here and now
1) Creative Process

It does not harm to be well prepared. Go through the steps from idea generation to actual wireframes. When you have a clear idea about the content of the site continue.

2) Create Dummy Pages

Create the pages, but in this phase just add dummy content. If you have the pages it is easy to create a navigation.

AI can be a great headstart for dummy content creation. Later on you can modify to real content.

3) Navigation

When the dummy pages are made, it’s more easy to create the navigation menus. You can have as many as you want to, and style them according to their position in the design.

Create the main navigation menu for the header. You may also want to create special menus for other pages.

4) Choose a theme

Find a good WordPress theme, and make sure that it’s a block based theme (not an old style PHP-theme). My recommendation is to stick to a standard block theme.

Avoid crap “freemium-premium” themes. They will hinder you from adding anything interesting untill you pay.

I’ll recommend either Twenty Twenty Four or the most recent WP standard theme.

If you’re an ambitious Multimedia Designer of course your could try to create a theme via Carolina Nymarks theme generator.

Your content will not be affected by the theme. If you want another look and feel just try another theme.

5) Header, Footer, etc.

One of the first things to tweak is the header with navigation and footer with the relevant information.

6) Templates

Probably your theme will have templates for pages, posts, categories, search and 404. Often a blank theme will come in handy – or perhaps a page with:

  • Header
  • Content block
  • Footer

Such a page would be nice if you don’t want to be restricted by your theme.

7) Assign templates to your pages

When the templates are ready, open each page and make sure that it will use the correct template.

8) Refine the Content

You can create the content at any time. From now on it’s a matter of refining your content.

9) Testing, Testing …

At any stage of the development tests will improve your portfolio.

  • Usability tests
  • User experience tests
  • Guerilla tests
  • Gangster test
  • A/B split test etc.

How to Create a Custom WordPress Block Theme

How to Create a Custom WordPress Block Theme

Why create your own theme?

There are more than 6000 themes for WordPress, why should you then attempt to make your own?

  • As a Multimedia Designer you must be able to develop themes in WordPress.
  • When you know the code, you can modify anything.
  • You are not caught in the nasty “free-but-in-the-PRO-version-you-can” trap.1

Step 1) Create the theme via a theme generator or boiler plate

This will give you a fast track devolopment, since most of the files are ready. I recommend Carolina Nymarks excellent Block Theme Generator. Click the button below to get started. If this is your first time, use the basic theme. It is a very good starting point.

In this tutorial you will learn the basics of block theme creation in WordPress, but if you want to study the subject in depth Carolina Nymark’s tutorials and documentation on WordPress full site editing is among the best sources about block theme development.

Now you can install the theme by the zip-file. This will create a directory in your WordPress installation:

WORDPRESS/wp_content/themes/YOUR-THEME-HERE/

Unzip

As soon as the zip is downloaded, unzip it somewhere convenient. Open the directory in Visual Studio Code (or another editor) and have a look at the files.

Open: style.css

You will not see a lot of CSS here. There are some comments. They will tell WordPress the name of your theme, and give the texts for the descriptions that you see in the Dashboard > Appearance > Themes.

Step 2) Add a blank template for your design experiments

In your favorite editor, say Atom, Visual Studio Code or whatever, create a file named blank.html with this markup:

<!-- wp:post-content /-->

Now save blank.html and upload the file to:

(theme)/templates/blank.html

If you want a page with no design whatsoever you can asign the blank template to the page.

Now you know how to add tempates to a block theme.

theme.json

As a web designer you might expect that the CSS styles should be found in style.css. But in a block theme most styles are defined in the more advanced theme.json file.

Bugs Warning!

In JSON it is sooo easy to make errors.

– So make sure to have a back up of your theme.json.
– Edit your code in e.g. VSC or Atom.
– Bugs will cause weird behaviors in the theme.

Staghorn beetle drawing, bug vintage

In the following steps we will add colors, gradients and even web fonts and also use them to style some of the blocks.

Let’s open theme.json in our editor and begin with some colors.

Step 3) Colors

More than often designers choose five or more colors for their design. You’ll probably know several color pickers, like:

During the creation of the theme you already selected a five colors. You can select these colors in the Dashboard, for instance when you select the color of a text. You can add more colors for the Dashboard in theme.json.

The color picker from a theme. But we want more options!

But you’d probably want more colors. In theme.json you can add more colors like this:

Color Palette

In theme.json the color palette is placed under settings.color.palette.

Since the colors are in sharp brackets, it’s an array. And you can add more colors to this palette. Let’s say that I want to add a green grass color:

"palette": [
{
"color": "#ffffff",
"name": "Base",
"slug": "base"
},
{
"color": "#000000",
"name": "Contrast",
"slug": "contrast"
},
{
"color": "#89CFF0",
"name": "Primary",
"slug": "primary"
},
{
"color": "#5DFCC1",
"name": "Green grass",
"slug" : "greenGrass"
}
]

In the CSS the color #5DFCC1 will be assigned to the variable:

var(--wp--preset--color--greenGrass)

You can use this variable in additonal CSS or when you style the blocks (see: “Modify the blocks“).

In the Dashboard the color will be visible too. So you can of course also use your colors when your work in the editor.

Exercise

  • Add one or more colors to your theme.json.
  • In the Stylebook: add your new color to one or more selected elements.

Duotones

Duotone can be used to tint images with two color hues. By Duotone you can create a consistent design, where images are toned. You can add more duotone filters here:

Dragon Spacecraft Prepared to Resupply International Space Station
Duotone applied to an image. Source: Dragon Spacecraft Prepared to Resupply International Space Station by NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center is licensed under CC-BY-NC 2.0

settings.color.duotones

"color": {
  "duotone": [
{
  "colors": [
  "#6c5513",
  "#067f0a"
],
"name": "Secondary and primary",
"slug": "secondary-primary"
},
{
  "colors": [
  "#067f0a",
  "#f0f0f0"
  ],
  "name": "Primary and Contrast",
  "slug": "primary-contrast"
}
]
}

In the sample above you see how the color pair is defined. It has a name and a slug. The name will be visible when you hover over the duotone in the WP editor. The slug can be used as a CSS variable or when you write additional CSS.

Exercise

Add one or more duotones to your theme.json.

Gradients

Duotones use a two-color array. The gradients may use many more colors. They are also added to the color section:

settings.color.gradients

A single gradient may look like this:

{
"gradient": "linear-gradient(#067f0a 49.9%,#fff 50%)",
"name": "Primary color to white",
"slug": "primary-white"
}

Again the name is what you see in the editor. The slug will be used in CSS as above mentioned.

Step 4) Fonts

Add fonts, and select them in the editor.

You can use several standard fonts or choose to add web fonts from files. Fontfamilies are added here:

settings.typografy.fontfamilies

See the sample here:

In this way you can add standard web fonts.

{
"fontFamily": "\"Times New Roman\",\"New York\",Times,\"Noto Serif\",serif",
"name": "Serif",
"slug": "serif"
},

In additional CSS you can then use the font via the slug:

var( --wp--preset--font-family--primary )

Exercise

  • Add one webfont to theme.json.
  • Use the font on a paragraph or headline
  • In the Stylebook: add the font to a selected element.

Add a Webfont

Webfonts are font files downloaded from the web. You can place the fonts in the theme in:

(theme)/assets/fonts

and then create a directory for each font.

In general it is recommended to use the .woff2 file format. If you download the fonts from google or other sources you can convert the files with this tool:

Addding webfonts will take a few more codelines, see:

You link to the font file like this:

"fontFace": [
						{
							"fontFamily": "Open Sans",
							"fontWeight": "300 800",
							"fontStyle": "normal",
							"fontStretch": "normal",
							"src": [ "file:./assets/fonts/open-sans.woff2" ]
						}

Now try to add a webfont (and yes, you have to write “file:./” before the path to the file 😉

Step 5) Use CSS variables with elements and blocks in theme.json

Here are two samples

In theme.json you can modify the styling of these elements and blocks:

  • button: Applied to <button> elements and button-like links, such as that used for the Button block.
  • caption: Applied to media captions, which are wrapped in a <figcaption> element.
  • cite: Applied to the <cite> element when used for citations, such as
  • heading: Applied to all heading elements from <h1> through <h6>, but these can be overridden for individual headings.
  • h1 – h6: Each of the <h1> through <h6> elements can be individually styled.
  • link: Applied to the <a> tag, which is used to create links

From the styles you created so far you know, that the slug will create a CSS variable that may be used by an element or a blog.

This is done in this section of theme.json:

settings.styles

This is how you style a typical block, in this case tha code block. Note how the variable is invoked:

"styles": {
  "blocks": {
     "core/code": {
        "color": {
           "text": "var(--wp--preset--color--contrast)"
}
}, 
... etc ...

Step 8) Define your frontpage

You can assign a page as a frontpage in several ways.

Set the frontpage in Settings

In the Dashboard click:
Settings > Read

In the dropdown menu you can choose the Page that vill be your frontpage.

You may also want to choose a Page, that will be the placeholder for your blog posts (i.e. news flow)

Set the frontpage via a template

If one of your templates is named frontpage this template will define what your frontpage looks like.

Step 9) Add Static Pages

Now the work in Visual Studio Code is probably done. However, sometimes you may want to add more features to pages and templates. But for now we’re done.

Now we will add some pages, like:

  • My frontpage
  • About Us
  • Contact
  • Blog (as a placeholder for the menu)

Step 10) Add Navigation Menus

Add the navigation menu. Follow the steps from the previous tutorial:

Step 11) Add Posts

If you have made a page named blog add it to the menu (if it is not there by now).

Now you can add posts – so whats going on in your life?

Step 12) Theme Modifications in the Style Book

The Stylebook is a cool feature in WordPress. Here you can see – and even modify – all the components in your style. In the Dashboard you find it in:

Appeacrance > Editor > Edit

Then click on the eye-looking symbol:

The Stylebook with all the styles.

If you want to edit one of the styles, click on it. Then you can style the components:

Here the component Headings is styled by one of the theme colors. You can also change the size, typograpy and more.

Step 13) Export the theme

And now your blog begins to come alive. But if you added changes via the Stylebook you may want a copy of your theme.

In the Stylebook click the kebab menu on the top right. Then you’ll see the following menu:

Export Theme – click on Export.

Then this menu will pop up:

Export menu. Name your file.

Now you can name your zip file. And now you’re in for a treat. Because if you created additional colors in the Stylebook, styled something – or even created template or template parts – they will be part of your theme.

If you unzip the file you’ll have a complete theme – with an updated theme.json.

Upload your theme to your Github repository!

Yeah!

Step 14) Add Styles and Scripts [optional]

The last step is optional: but sometime you might want to add libraries and additional stylesheets to your WordPress.

Perhaps you want to add animation libraries like Rellax.js, or features like jQuery or Bootstrap. You can add such scripts in functions.php.

Enqueue scripts in functions.php

function petj_mega_menu() {
  // a css file
  wp_enqueue_style( 'CSS_Mega_Menu', 
    get_template_directory_uri() 
    . '/assets/css/css.css' );
    // below a script
    wp_enqueue_script( 'JS_Mega_Menu', get_template_directory_uri() . '/assets/js/js.js', array(), '1.0.0', true );
}
add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'petj_mega_menu' );

Here you can see that a CSS is added via the function wp_enqueue_style and a JavaScript is added to the theme via wp_enqueue_script.

The path to the script or file is creates by get_template_directory_uri():

get_template_directory_uri() . '/assets/js/js.js'

In PHP a dot will glue two strings together so the last part is simply the part from the theme folder to the JavaScript: ‘/assets/js/js.js’.

Allergy crying eye png sticker

Step 15) Backup

This part is not strictly part of theme creation, but you need to backup your work on a regular basis. Your content is not part of the theme. You need a backup of both your files and of your database.

Backup A) All Files

Copy all files from the WordPress directory. Save them on your computer. After download you may want to zip the files.

Backup B) The Database

Export the database in PhpMyAdmin on your webhost. Here is what it looks like on my webhost Simply.com:

Exporting SQL from PhpMyAdmin on Simply.com. Most web hosts have PhpMyAdmin. Export all tables connected to your wordpress installation.

Save your files and the SQL file somewhere secure.

Restore a Backup

Often the webhost has a backup system. Before you panic and try to restore your backup – see if you can restore your website on the webhost.

If not the last option is this:

  • Open PhpMyAdmin and select import. Then import your SQL-file.
  • Then upload all the WordPress files via Filezilla or the file administration of your webhost.
  1. More than often such themes or plugins may block something that should be free and easy to do. As an example Astra once blocked custom HTML, so test themes before they fool you! ↩︎

Mega Menu III

Continued Megamenu Experiments

The medieval philosopher Occam said, that if there are more solutions with a similar result, then the most simple one is the best. Then what is the simplest possible Megamenu for WordPress.

Here is the simplified code for a Megamenu:

Now it should be possible to build a template with a Megamenu. The scripts and CSS should be loaded via s plugin – or if it’s a theme from scratch via functions.php enqueues.

If you can create solution with fewer lines of code, let me know in the comments.